1 Truthfulness, honesty, accuracy of information
2 Essentiality and comprehensiveness of information
3 Diversity and plurality of information
4 Objectivity of information
5 Checking the facts and the sources
6 Correction of errors
7 Separation of facts and opinions
8 Separation of advertisements and editorial
9 Prohibition of selection and misrepresentation
10 Headlines/captions warranted by story content
11 Duty to serve as a watchdog of authority
12 Freedom of expression, speech, comment, and criticism
13 Public’s right to express opinion in the press
14 Journalists’ responsibility over everything reported by him/her
15 Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of race/ethnicity/nationality
16 Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of religion/etc.
17 Respect for good taste in expression
18 Respect for common values
19 Prohibition of praising/inciting crimes and violence
20 Respect for other states and nations
21 Fair means in information collection
22 Respect for the copyright and laws of quoting
23 Right of the source to check the correctness of information
24 Prohibition of slander, libel, unfounded accusations
25 Right to reply
26 Respect for privacy
27 Special consideration in reporting crimes, accidents, etc.
28 Presumption of innocence
29 Duty to observe the laws
30 Protection of state interests
31 Prohibition to misuse journalistic position in order to get personal benefits
32 Respect for the agreed rules of the working place
33 Prohibition to offer one’s work to several publishers
34 Prohibition to accept bribes or any other benefits
35 Prohibition to allow any outsider to have influence on the journalistic work
36 Right to free investigation
37 Free access to all information sources
38 Fight against censorship
39 Rejection of interference by public authorities
40 Professional secrecy
41 Right to refuse assignments contradictory to principles of his/her profession or conscience
42 Right to refuse assignments contradictory to the code of ethics
43 Right to refuse assignments contradictory to the editorial policy
44 Journalists’ rights
45 Right to proper payment and/or working conditions
46 Right to take part in the decision-making of the company
47 Duty to work for the good name of the profession
48 Duty to follow the code of ethics
49 Avoidance of an interest conflict: incompatibility of journalism and other activities
50 Defense of professional solidarity and the laws of fair competition
51 Respect for the professional organization
52 Respect legal and constitutional restrictions
53 Serve the public
54 Mediate between the public and the government
55 Guide public opinion
56 Advance national culture and arts
57 Publish voices of minority or marginalized groups
58 No interference with judiciary independence
59 Protect news sources
60 Facilitate nation building
61 Facilitate racial harmony and nation unity
62 Other
Sources:
Jones, J. Clement. (1980). Mass media codes of ethics and counciles: A comparative international study on professional standards. Paris: Unesco.
Juusela, Pauli. (1991). Journalistic cods of ethics in the CSCE countries: An examination. Tampere: University of Tampere.
Laitila, Tiina. (1995). Journalistic codes of ethics in Europe. European Journal of Communication, 10 (4), pp. 527-544.
Posted by Xiaoge 
