ACM SIGGGRAH: Linking researchers, artists, developers, filmmakers, etc.

American Center for Design: Association of design professionals, educators, and students

The American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA): Nonprofit organization …

Association of Graphic Communication: Professional development and networking …

Design Publications:

Communication Arts: Featuring the best of the year’s graphic communication …

Graphis: Showcasing premier design from the world …

HOW: Covering ideas, techniques, conferences, competitions …

Print: Covering the graphic industry, competitions and seminars …

STEP inside design: Focusing on how designers create projects …

Wired: Promoting and reporting on technologic innovation in digital communication …

Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation: Pure and applied research …

Visual Communication Labs:

Visual Communication Lab (IBM): Developing visualizations …

“WorldPublicOpinion.org is an international collaborative project whose aim is to give voice to public opinion around the world on international issues. As the world becomes increasingly integrated, problems have become increasingly global, pointing to a greater need for understanding between nations and for elucidating global norms. With the growth of democracy in the world, public opinion has come to play a greater role in the foreign policy process. WorldPublicOpinion.org seeks to reveal the values and views of publics in specific nations around the world as well as global patterns of world public opinion.” from About of the site

2 Essentiality and comprehensiveness of information

3 Diversity and plurality of information

4 Objectivity of information

5 Checking the facts and the sources

6 Correction of errors

7 Separation of facts and opinions

8 Separation of advertisements and editorial

9 Prohibition of selection and misrepresentation

10 Headlines/captions warranted by story content

11 Duty to serve as a watchdog of authority

12 Freedom of expression, speech, comment, and criticism

13 Public’s right to express opinion in the press

14 Journalists’ responsibility over everything reported by him/her

15 Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of race/ethnicity/nationality

16 Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of religion/etc.

17 Respect for good taste in expression

18 Respect for common values

19 Prohibition of praising/inciting crimes and violence

20 Respect for other states and nations

21 Fair means in information collection

22 Respect for the copyright and laws of quoting

23 Right of the source to check the correctness of information

24 Prohibition of slander, libel, unfounded accusations

25 Right to reply

26 Respect for privacy

27 Special consideration in reporting crimes, accidents, etc.

28 Presumption of innocence

29 Duty to observe the laws

30 Protection of state interests

31 Prohibition to misuse journalistic position in order to get personal benefits

32 Respect for the agreed rules of the working place

33 Prohibition to offer one’s work to several publishers

34 Prohibition to accept bribes or any other benefits

35 Prohibition to allow any outsider to have influence on the journalistic work

36 Right to free investigation

37 Free access to all information sources

38 Fight against censorship

39 Rejection of interference by public authorities

40 Professional secrecy

41 Right to refuse assignments contradictory to principles of his/her profession or conscience

42 Right to refuse assignments contradictory to the code of ethics

43 Right to refuse assignments contradictory to the editorial policy

44 Journalists’ rights

45 Right to proper payment and/or working conditions

46 Right to take part in the decision-making of the company

47 Duty to work for the good name of the profession

48 Duty to follow the code of ethics

49 Avoidance of an interest conflict:  incompatibility of journalism and other activities

50 Defense of professional solidarity and the laws of fair competition

51 Respect for the professional organization

52 Respect legal and constitutional restrictions

53 Serve the public

54 Mediate between the public and the government

55 Guide public opinion

56 Advance national culture and arts

57 Publish voices of minority or marginalized groups

58 No interference with judiciary independence

59 Protect news sources

60 Facilitate nation building

61 Facilitate racial harmony and nation unity

62 Other

Sources:

Jones, J. Clement. (1980). Mass media codes of ethics and counciles: A comparative international study on professional standards. Paris: Unesco.

Juusela, Pauli. (1991). Journalistic cods of ethics in the CSCE countries: An examination. Tampere: University of Tampere.

Laitila, Tiina. (1995). Journalistic codes of ethics in Europe. European Journal of Communication, 10 (4), pp. 527-544.

Codes of Ethics: Cases Online

World Association of Press Councils

The original World Association of Press Councils was established by six Press Councils, including Turkish Press Council, on 23 October 1992 in New Delhi, India.

The basic principle of WAPC is to participate in the development of the idea of “freedom of expression and of responsibility in the international media”, to share the experiences already acquired in this field, and to promote co-operation among the Press Councils and similar bodies that have been established with the aim of self regulation.

Organization of News Ombudsmen:

An ombudsman is someone who handles complaints and attempts to find mutually satisfactory solutions. Ombudsmen can be found in government, corporations, hospitals, universities and other institutions. The first ombudsman was appointed in 1809 in Sweden to handle citizens’ complaints about the government. The word is pronounced “om-BUDS-man” and is Scandinavian in origin.

Ethics Codes: Project for Excellence in Journalism

EthicNet: Collection of codes of journalism ethics in Europe

Useful links provided by World Press Institute

A code of ethics for journalists, Society of Professional Journalists.

(from Laitila, Tiina. (1995). Journalistic Codes of Ethics in Europe, European Journal of Communication, 10 (4), pp. 527-544)

(1) The press actually informs the public of events/issues of their concerns.

(2) The press actually entertains the public within legal/ethical limits.

(3) The press actually educates the public.

(4) The press actually empowers the public to voice their concerns and views.

(5) The press actually guides the public opinion.

(6) The press actually publishes diversity of views and voices from the public.

(7) To keep a watchful eye over press performance is actually the job of the public not government.

(8) The public is actually proactive and critical instead of being passive, reactive or even apathetic in interacting with the press.

(9) The press is actually accountable to the public.

Press-Society

(10) The press actually facilitates democratization.

(11) The press actually facilitates transparency.

(12) The press actually facilitates cultural developments.

(13) The press actually facilitates economic developments.

(14) The press actually facilitates social developments.

(15) The press actually facilitates political developments.

(16) Press freedom is actually respected and practiced regardless of social, cultural, political or economic situations in society.

(17) Press freedom is actually exercised in a responsible fashion, giving no room to anything like “to publish first and to be dammed later”.

(18) When the country becomes fragile socially, politically and/or economically, nation building is actually the priority of the press.

(19) When the country becomes unstable socially, the press actually cooperates with government to promote or maintain social stability.

(20) When economic growth is at stake in the country, the press actually cooperates with government to promote or maintain economic growth.

(21) When racial harmony is at stake in the country, the press actually cooperates with government to promote or maintain racial harmony.

(22) When religious/cultural diversity is at stake in the country, the press actually cooperates with government to promote/maintain such diversity.

Press-Government

(23) Press and government actually cooperate when the country is unstable socially, politically and/or economically.

(24) The press actually keeps the power of government in check to prevent it from being abused.

(25) Government actually keeps the power of the press in check to prevent it from being abused.

(26) The press actually keeps a watchful eye over government performance to make sure it lives up to its promises to the public.

(27) Government actually monitors and supervises the press to make sure it does not go wild in its performance.

Press Roles

(28) The press actually plays a monitorial role in society.

(29) The press actually plays a facilitative role in society.

(30) The press actually plays a radical role (call for change) in society.

(31) The press actually plays a collaborative role in society.

Press-Politics

(32) The press is actually free from any candidate’s influences in covering a general election.

(33) The press does NOT actually side with any candidates in covering a general election.

(34) The press is actually free from any political parties’ influences in covering politics.

(35) The press does NOT actually side with any political parties in covering politics.